What is the important role of sensors in lighting Internet of Things?

The arrival of the Internet of Things (IoT) era has brought revolutionary changes to the lighting industry. Every object now generates massive data, and with built-in network devices, even lighting systems can automatically adjust to environmental conditions, providing optimal illumination. Sensors play a crucial role in this transformation, as they are expected to become essential components of intelligent lighting systems. Today, everything is becoming "smart," especially in IoT-related markets that are seen as having huge growth potential. The Internet of Everything opens up new possibilities, and the vast amount of data it generates offers a vision for the development of countless products. For instance, at breakfast, kitchen appliances prepare fresh coffee and warm bread; washing machines stop before red dyeing white clothes; and in homes, shopping centers, or on the street, lighting systems adapt automatically to provide the right level of brightness. **Monitoring, Networking, and Control** With the introduction of LEDs, the design and development of lighting equipment have undergone significant transformations. To implement more efficient control systems, we need to learn new electronics and integrate advanced features into product designs. There's still a lot to explore when it comes to making lighting more intelligent. Luminaires serve as ideal sensor nodes. Each room has lights, usually placed in central locations, making it easy to add sensors for monitoring light quality, temperature, humidity, air quality, or space occupancy. These collected data can be transmitted to other connected devices in the room. However, the system only reacts effectively when accurate data is gathered. How do we bridge the gap between the physical world and the digital space? What are the specific requirements for integrating sensors into luminaires? Finding the right combination is key. **Data Collection and "Smart" Use** Most buildings already have basic elements such as walls, doors, windows, furniture, gathering areas, HVAC systems, and lighting. Since electrical networks are widespread and each room is equipped with fixtures, luminaires stand out as prime candidates for sensor "hotspots." They contain all necessary components: power, central positioning, and human presence. Understanding what people want to monitor helps manufacturers develop targeted strategies based on their expertise, which is hard to replicate quickly. Adding air quality and humidity monitoring capabilities makes building automation smarter, saves energy, and improves system efficiency. Moreover, active lighting control ensures that employees feel comfortable and energized throughout the day, boosting productivity. As energy efficiency standards like ENERGY STAR become more stringent, the importance of smart sensors and controls continues to grow.  *Figure 1: Sensor technology in the luminaire as the central component of the IoT connection* While the integration of sensor technology may increase the material cost (BOM) of luminaires, it also brings significant added value. It introduces new features that can open up new market opportunities. For example, detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air, early fire warning systems, or full-spectrum human-centric lighting (HCL) can enhance user experience. Users often don’t complain about hardware, but they frequently express dissatisfaction when a device lacks a specific sensor, limiting its app’s functionality. This highlights the growing demand for smart, sensor-enabled lighting solutions.

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