The wavelength of ultraviolet light is between visible light and X-ray. Its wavelength range is 10 to 400 nm. However, many optoelectronic manufacturers believe that the wavelength of 430 nm is also ultraviolet. Although many ultraviolet rays are not seen by the human eye, they are still named for producing a partially violet visible spectrum, and UV LEDs have made great progress in the past few years. This is not only the result of advances in the production of solid-state UV devices, but also the increased demand for environmentally friendly UV lamps.
The current UV LED supply on the optoelectronics market ranges from 265 to 420 nm in a variety of package formats such as perforation, surface mount and COB. UV LED generators have a variety of unique applications, however, each generator is independent in wavelength and output power. In general, UV light used on LEDs can be divided into three areas. They are defined as UV-A (long-wave ultraviolet), UV-B (medium-wave ultraviolet) and U VC (short-wave ultraviolet) (see Figure 2).
Full application
UV A-type devices have been in production since 1990. These LEDs are typically used in counterfeit detection or verification (currency, driver's license or documents, etc.). The power output requirements of these applications are very low, and the actual wavelength range used is between 390 and 420 nm, and lower wavelength products are not suitable for applications. Because these LEDs have a long life cycle and are easy to manufacture on the market, they can be used as a variety of light sources and the cheapest UV products.
The field of UVA LED components has grown tremendously over the past few years. Most of this wavelength range (about 350 to 390 nm) is used in the production of commercial and industrial materials such as UV curing of adhesives, coatings and inks. LED lamps have greater advantages than traditional curing technologies, such as mercury or fluorescent lamps, due to increased efficiency, reduced cost, and system miniaturization. Therefore, the supply chain is constantly pushing the use of LED technology, making the trend of curing with LEDs more and more obvious. Although the product cost in this wavelength range is significantly higher than in the UV A zone, rapid advances in manufacturing technology and a steady increase in production are gradually reducing prices.
Lower UV A and higher UV B wavelength ranges (about 300-350 nm) are the only recently commercialized areas. These devices with great potential are suitable for a variety of applications, including UV curing, biomedical, DNA analysis, and various types of sensing. There is a significant overlap in the three UV spectral ranges. Therefore, when choosing, not only what is the most suitable application, but also what is the most cost-effective solution. Because lower wavelengths usually mean higher LED costs.
The UV B and UV C wavelength ranges (about 250 to 300 nm) are an area that is still largely in its infancy. However, the enthusiasm and demand for applying such products to air and water purification systems is very strong. Only a few companies currently have the ability to produce UV LEDs in this wavelength range, and a few companies can produce products with sufficient life, reliability and performance characteristics. Therefore, the cost of UVC/B devices is still high and difficult to use in some applications. However, the first commercial UVC LED disinfection system was launched in 2012, which will help drive the market forward.
Protect
A common question about UV LEDs is: Will they pose a safety hazard? As mentioned above, there are many levels of UV light. One of the most common sources of ultraviolet light is the black light bulb. The product has been in use for decades and is used to produce luminescent or fluorescent effects for posters, as well as for painting and currency verification. The light produced by these bulbs is typically in the UV A spectrum, closest to the visible wavelength and has a lower energy. Although high exposure has been shown to be associated with skin cancer and other potential problems, such as accelerated skin aging, this part of the UVA spectrum is the safest of the three UV light. Light-emitting diodes (as opposed to standard incandescent or fluorescent-type bulbs) are also highly directional and have a very narrow viewing angle. Looking directly at the UV LED can damage the eyes. Therefore, it is best for the user to avoid exposure to UVA products.
UV C and most UV B light are mainly used for sterilization and disinfection. Light at these wavelengths is not only harmful to microorganisms, but also to humans and other life forms if it comes into contact with it. These LED lights should always be shielded and must never be viewed with the naked eye, even if it emits very little. Exposure to light at these wavelengths may result in skin cancer and temporary or permanent loss or impairment of vision.
All UV devices should have a warning label. In addition, before purchasing UV C or UV B UV lamps, many manufacturers require each customer to sign a document stating that they understand and agree to the use and handling of these products.
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