Quantum dot displays have emerged as a promising technology in the display industry, offering significant improvements over traditional LCDs and even OLEDs. For over a decade, LCDs have dominated the television and mobile electronics markets, with manufacturers constantly working to reduce production costs and expand their reach. However, since Martin Pope first introduced the concept of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in 1963, OLEDs have gained attention for their ultra-thin and high-gamut display capabilities. Despite this, challenges such as high cost, complex development, low yield, and material instability have prevented widespread adoption.
In recent years, quantum dot displays have sparked a new wave of innovation. With the global push toward color-rich TVs, there has been a strong trend to develop high-end products similar to OLEDs. The key difference lies in the unique short-wavelength excitation nanomaterial technology used in quantum dot displays, which breaks the traditional balance between color gamut, cost, and brightness. This advancement allows for more vibrant and accurate colors while maintaining affordability.
Professor Peng Xiaogang from Zhejiang University, a leading expert in quantum dots, once remarked that "quantum dots are likely the best luminescent materials ever discovered by humans." Their size can be precisely controlled, allowing them to emit light across the entire visible spectrum—from blue to red—with exceptional purity. According to the 2020 standard, Apple’s mobile devices only cover about 50% of the color gamut, whereas quantum dots can achieve 100%, making them ideal for ultra-high-definition applications.
Currently, photoluminescence technology using quantum dot films is considered a mature solution. By replacing the white LED backlight in traditional LCDs with a blue LED and adding a quantum dot film, excellent color performance can be achieved. This approach not only enhances color accuracy but also improves overall display quality.
The advantages of quantum dot display technology can be summarized as "high, pure, long." "High" refers to an impressive color gamut, covering up to 110% NTSC. "Pure" highlights the superior color purity, which is about 58.3% higher than that of ordinary LEDs. "Long" emphasizes the stability and durability of the inorganic nanomaterials used, ensuring that colors remain vibrant for up to 60,000 hours.
However, quantum dots are highly sensitive to environmental factors like oxygen and moisture, which can cause fluorescence quenching. To address this, manufacturers use advanced encapsulation techniques, such as sandwich structures with high-resistance separators and special polymer materials. These measures protect the quantum dots and ensure long-term performance.
Tianhong Technology, a leader in this field, has developed a multilayer quantum dot film composed of PET, a quantum dot layer, an oxygen barrier, and nanostructured surface materials. This design enhances optical performance, reduces Newton's rings, and improves light homogenization. Additionally, Tianhong’s quantum dot films maintain an invalid margin of less than 0.2mm after rigorous testing, making them ideal for future frameless designs.
In quantum dot display applications, the traditional white LED backlight is replaced with a blue LED, and red and green quantum dots are used to generate the full color spectrum. This method utilizes about two-thirds of the blue light to produce red and green, resulting in more efficient and vivid color reproduction.
To achieve optimal performance, precise formulation and thickness control of the quantum dot layer are essential. Advanced coating technologies, such as slit coating, allow for uniform distribution and accurate thickness control. This ensures that color coordinates meet strict standards, with deviations below 0.5%.
Tianhong’s production roadmap includes state-of-the-art slit coating systems and online thickness monitoring, enabling real-time adjustments and achieving international-level uniformity. Through innovative optical micro-nano structures, the company further enhances light efficiency and display performance.
Overall, quantum dot display technology represents a major leap forward in visual quality and reliability, positioning it as a key player in the next generation of display solutions.
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