A brief explanation of the 23 basic Internet of Things standards, protocols, and technical terms makes the language of the Internet of Things clearer

In the rapidly evolving field of the Internet of Things (IoT), there are numerous abbreviations, protocols, and technical terms that can be confusing to newcomers. This article aims to simplify and clarify these concepts, making the language of IoT more accessible to all.

The Internet of Things is full of jargon, and understanding these terms is essential for anyone working in or studying this field. This article will provide a concise overview of 23 key IoT standards, protocols, and technologies, helping to demystify the terminology and improve clarity.

Cellular Data – While not the most energy-efficient method, many IoT devices rely on cellular networks for connectivity. These devices use wireless data from carriers as their transport layer, making it a popular choice for wide-area coverage.

CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) – Designed for devices with limited memory and processing power, CoAP is ideal for applications like smart lighting and digital signage. It was developed by the IETF’s CoRE Working Group and is optimized for constrained environments.

Data Distribution Service (DDS) – A real-time communication middleware standard developed by OMG, DDS is used in distributed systems where low-latency and high-reliability are critical. It uses a “topic” system to efficiently distribute information across nodes.

MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) – MQTT is a lightweight publish/subscribe protocol designed for low-power devices and unreliable networks. While efficient, implementing strong security can be challenging without compromising its simplicity.

NFC (Near Field Communication) – NFC is a short-range, low-power technology ideal for IoT applications that require close proximity and minimal data transfer. It's commonly used in contactless payments and smart tags.

Physical Web – Introduced by Google, the Physical Web allows users to interact with physical objects through Bluetooth Low Energy. By scanning a device, you can access relevant digital content, such as information about a parking meter or a product.

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) – SCADA systems have been used for decades in industrial automation. However, older versions often lack modern security features, making them vulnerable to attacks.

Sigfox – Sigfox is a low-power, wide-area network (LPWAN) technology that enables long-range communication with minimal power consumption. It operates as a dedicated network and is designed to serve as an IoT mobile operator.

SMS (Short Message Service) – Despite being an older technology, SMS remains a reliable option for IoT devices that don’t require real-time communication. For example, some remote monitoring systems use SMS to send alerts.

Thread – Developed by Google’s Nest Labs, Thread is a low-power, mesh networking protocol ideal for smart home devices. It offers secure, reliable communication and is open-source, allowing developers to build upon it.

TR-069 (Technical Report 069) – TR-069 defines the CWMP protocol, which allows remote management of devices over IP networks. Originally designed for cable operators, it has since been adapted for a variety of IoT applications.

Z-Wave – Z-Wave is a wireless communication protocol used primarily in smart home devices. Like Zigbee, it operates at low power and is known for its reliability and ease of use. It is standardized by the ITU.

Understanding these protocols and standards is crucial for building robust and interoperable IoT systems. Whether you're a developer, engineer, or simply curious about the future of connected devices, this guide should help you navigate the complex world of IoT.