An important role in the field of automotive active safety systems - TPMS
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TPMS is the abbreviation of “Tire Pressure Monitoring System†for real-time monitoring system of automobile tire pressure. It is mainly used for automatic monitoring of tire air pressure in real time when the vehicle is running, and alarming for tire leakage and low air pressure to ensure driving safety. The life safety guarantee system for motorists and occupants.
Tire failure is the most worrying and most difficult to prevent for all drivers during high-speed driving, and is also an important cause of sudden traffic accidents. According to statistics, 70% to 80% of traffic accidents on highways are caused by punctures. Preventing puncture has become an important issue in safe driving. The TPMS system is one of the most ideal solutions.
How TPMS works
The TPMS system consists of two main components: a remote tire pressure monitoring module mounted on the car's tires and a central monitor (LCD/LED display) mounted on the car's cab. The tire pressure and temperature module is mounted directly in each tire, and the measured signal is modulated and transmitted through high frequency radio waves (RF). The central monitor receives the signals transmitted by the TPMS monitoring module and displays the pressure and temperature data of each tire on the screen for the driver's reference. If the pressure or temperature of the tire is abnormal, the central monitor will send an alarm signal according to the abnormal situation to remind the driver to take the necessary measures.
According to the working principle, TPMS can be divided into indirect (determination of tire pressure difference based on wheel speed difference) and direct type (sensor directly measures tire pressure / tire temperature). Due to the indirect tire pressure monitoring system, there are easy to overcome development bottlenecks such as false alarms, difficult fixed points, and slow alarm response. At present, research and development in the world has not taken the indirect tire pressure monitoring system as the main direction.
The world's direct tire pressure monitoring system has developed a large number of companies that are generally divided into two directions: one is to develop the system as a comfort system, and the other is to develop as a true active safety equipment. A typical solution for a tire pressure monitoring system developed along the comfort system is a one-way system, ie there is only a one-way communication path from the tire electronics module to the wireless receiver. Most of the current commercialization and research and development are in this direction. These companies include Germany's Beru, Siemens VDO (Continental), Ireland's Schrader, USA's Lear, TRW, and Japan's Pacific Industrial. Its products have been put into production.
The technical route developed along the active safety direction is mainly a two-way system, that is, there are two-way communication paths from the tire electronic module to the wireless receiver and from the wireless receiver to the tire electronic module. The two-way system can be subdivided into working methods: fully bidirectional and quasi-bidirectional systems. A quasi-bidirectional system refers to a system that has two-way communication only during the start-stop phase of the vehicle, and a fully bi-directional system is a system in which the vehicle starts and stops and two-way communication exists during operation. Compared with the full two-way system, one of the drawbacks is that the communication reliability of the vehicle is uncontrollable during the driving process, and the monitoring of the tire electronic module cannot be realized. The companies currently developing quasi-bidirectional systems include Beru in Germany and Lear in the United States. Their products have been mass-produced and are used in several high-end models.
Energy saving and emission reduction pioneer
Tire pressure is an important indicator that affects the driving performance and safety performance of the car. If the tire pressure is too low or leaks, the friction with the ground will increase exponentially, which will also accelerate the wear of the tire and increase fuel consumption. Since the sidewall of the tire is a weak part of the tire, when the air pressure is too low, it will be continuously squeezed and stretched, which may cause fatigue failure and a puncture. Therefore, real-time monitoring of tire pressure is an important means to ensure tire safety. TPMS is a new technology developed to improve the safety of automobiles based on such requirements. It uses automotive electronics technology, sensor technology, wireless communication technology, etc. to monitor the air pressure of all tires in real time while driving, and leaking tires. Alarms are issued with low air pressure. Therefore, TPMS has a greater contribution to improving the safety and economy of automobiles.
The use of a tire pressure detection system not only makes driving safer, but also saves fuel. Continental Motors has calculated that the tire inflation pressure will consume 1.5% more fuel if it is lower than the car manufacturer's recommended value of 0.3 bar. If all cars and trucks are equipped with a tire pressure detection system, only Europe can reduce CO2 by 10 million tons per year.
In Europe, about 90% of tire problems are caused by slow air leaks. Due to the continuous leakage of the tire and the hub, the pressure of each tire will drop by more than 0.2 bar within three months. Therefore, only the normally inflated tire can guarantee the best working condition and reduce the rolling resistance to achieve maximum fuel efficiency. Inappropriate tire pressure causes a significant increase in the rolling resistance of the tire, which in turn leads to an unnecessary increase in fuel consumption and an increase in CO2 emissions. At the same time, the braking distance of the car will be lengthened. If the tires of all cars are kept at the right pressure, the cost of driving in Europe can be reduced by 3.4 billion euros a year.
Global market and application
Companies around the world are exploring the feasibility and rationality of how to force the installation of electronic tire pressure detection systems for all new cars and trucks, as well as specific implementation methods.
According to US regulations, since September 2007, all new vehicles with a load of less than 4.5t must be equipped with a tire pressure monitoring system.
This measure is currently being discussed in Europe and, according to the European Commission, all new cars must be equipped with TPMS from 2012 onwards. The European Commission hopes that this regulation will simultaneously promote environmental protection and reduce the number of vehicle accidents caused by tire failure.
In China, many companies have invested in the development of TPMS, but there are still no real batches of OEM batches, most of which are concentrated in after-sales, such as Shanghai Taihao, Baolong, Hangsheng, Suzhou Sant.
The TPMS system has only original assembly on several mid-to-high-end models. For example, the Audi, Magotan and other models produced by FAW-Volkswagen are equipped with a one-way direct TPMS system, and equipped with quasi-bidirectional on the German Volkswagen Phaeton and Touareg. Direct TPMS system. Many automakers in China, including Shanghai Volkswagen, Shanghai Auto, Shanghai GM, and Chery, have begun or plan to deploy TPMS systems.
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