The performance of new energy vehicles is determined by the "three power" core components consisting of power batteries, drive motors and motor controllers, and is also known as the "big three" in the industry. The drive motor is the power source of the new energy vehicle, which is equivalent to the engine of the fuel vehicle; the motor controller refers to the device that controls the drive motor.
Overview of new energy vehicle motorsThe drive motor is one of the three core components of the new energy vehicle. Compared with the traditional industrial motor, the new energy vehicle drive motor has higher technical requirements. Like ordinary motors, the new energy drive motor is mainly composed of three parts: stator, rotor and mechanical structure. Due to the narrow installation space, harsh working environment, and special reasons such as high vibration, large impact, severe corrosion, high temperature and high humidity, new energy drive motors need to have high density, small size, high power, high torque, reliability, durability and Low cost and other characteristics.
With the triumph of new energy vehicles in China, the growth rate of new energy vehicle motors is also very high. It is expected that with the continuous growth of new energy vehicle production and sales in the next few years, the motor market will show rapid growth. In 2016, China's new energy vehicle drive motor sales reached 559,000 units, and it is expected that the market space will exceed 98 billion yuan by 2020.
In the next few years, the proportion of new energy passenger car motors will show an upward trend. It is estimated that by 2020, the proportion of new energy passenger car motors will reach 47.4%, and the proportion of new energy passenger cars will reach 42.7%. 10%.
New energy vehicle drive system cost ratio:
There are four main types of new energy vehicle motors: DC motors, AC asynchronous motors, permanent magnet brushless motors (including permanent magnet synchronous motors) and switched reluctance motors.
Permanent magnet synchronous motors occupy the largest share of the domestic motor market due to their high efficiency, high power density and small size, and are mainly used in the passenger vehicle field.
AC asynchronous motor is relatively simple due to its low cost and simple structure, and its control technology is relatively mature. However, its large size and heavy weight all restrict its wide application to a certain extent, mainly used in new energy. Passenger cars and some passenger cars.
The structure of the switched reluctance motor is simple and reliable, and the system cost is low. However, since the switched reluctance motor has the disadvantages of large torque fluctuation, high noise, and nonlinear system, the current application is limited, and it is mainly applied to the field of new energy buses.
New energy vehicle motor type: three research and development directions
The permanent magnetization of the motor meets the high efficiency of the motor drive system. The permanent magnet motor has the advantages of high efficiency, large specific power, high power factor, high reliability and easy maintenance. In recent years, electric vehicles developed by the United States and Europe have adopted AC induction motors. In Japan and China, permanent magnet motors are used;
Digitization includes not only the digitization of the drive control, the digitization of the drive to the CNC system interface, but also the digitization of the measurement unit;
System integration meets the need to reduce the cost of motor drive systems. The integration of motor drive system includes electromechanical integration and control module integration. The electromechanical integration is mainly to develop the direction of integration of vehicle motor with automobile engine or gearbox. The integration of control module mainly refers to switching device, circuit, control, sensor and power supply. Both passive components and passive components are integrated into standard modules to form power electronics components, but reliability needs to be improved.
The drive motor system is the core of electric vehicles. In the future, the drive motor system for electric vehicles in China will develop towards permanent magnetization, digitization and integration.
New energy vehicle motor cooperation form: three-point world
At present, the global new energy vehicle drive motor market is dominated by OEMs, traditional auto parts companies and professional motor companies. Among them, professional motor companies in the domestic new energy vehicle drive motor market occupy the largest market share. For example, Ocean Electric, CSR Times, Younet, Shanghai Dajun, Jingjin Electric, etc.
2016 new energy vehicle motor type market share
Domestic major new energy automotive motor suppliers and their supporting customers
There are many ways to distribute the motor, which are mentioned in the electronic control series of the new energy hundred lectures.
In fact, in the driving technology of new energy vehicles, there is still a kind of driving method that has great concern, that is, the wheel hub motor technology. Wheel hub motor technology, also known as wheel-mounted motor technology, is characterized by the integration of power, transmission and braking devices into the hub. Therefore, the mechanical part of the electric vehicle is greatly simplified, and more space is vacated, so the use of the hub motor may become the final form of the ultimate pole drive in the future.
The preliminary analysis of the new energy motor market: compared to the billions of inputs for power batteries, the investment in motors is relatively small. With the development of domestic new energy vehicles, domestic manufacturers are developing very fast. To borrow a domestic big coffee: domestic motor technology has a certain distance from foreign countries, but it has no difference. Of course, foreign giants are active. The layout of the domestic market and the active search for domestic partners, foreign giant Magna holding hands in Huayu is evidence.
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