As the urban population grows, traffic congestion, pollution, road injuries and other issues will increase. Currently, more than half of the world's population lives in cities (54%) and growth is expected to accelerate in the next few years1. The cost of traffic congestion to the global economy is also growing. It is estimated that between 2013 and 2030, Europe and the United States will pay $4.4 trillion2. More interconnected vehicles and infrastructure (Intelligent Transportation Systems – ITS) provide a viable solution to these problems, creating a safer, greener, and more efficient smart road network.
Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) – collectively referred to as V2X – are one of the key technologies that lay the foundation for ITS. V2X provides temporary data exchange between the vehicle and the environment via the wireless Internet – in other words, the technology enables vehicles to interact with each other and with surrounding infrastructure such as traffic lights and road signs within 2000 meters. On this basis, the vehicle can alert the driver to possible traffic problems and even over-the-horizon; thus, the driver can adjust accordingly to avoid accidents or congested areas. Reminders may include blind intersections at intersections, road hazards, road construction, presence of emergency vehicles, static or slow moving vehicles, traffic jams, accident warnings, and traffic signals or signs.
This sounds a lot like the future, but the V2X chipset has been mass-produced last year (NXP Semiconductor), and automakers have begun deploying this chipset, often with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). Use of auxiliary technologies such as radar. Therefore, vehicles equipped with V2X technology may be commercially available as soon as possible in 2016. The huge potential of this technology has been valued by governments around the world, and many governments have implemented a large number of V2X trials in a high-profile manner.
ITS Corridor - Austria, Germany and the Netherlands
In 2013, the Austrian, German and Dutch governments signed a Memorandum of Understanding to create the first ITS corridor in Europe. The project is scheduled to be completed in 2016 and will be built between Rotterdam, Frankfurt and Vienna with a 1,300-kilometre road with an intelligent transportation system.
The cross-border project focuses on using the technology that can alert the driver through the onboard device, so that the driver knows that it is approaching the construction section. In this way, the driver can change the route or slow down, which is beneficial to improve road safety and help improve traffic flow. In the corridor, cars equipped with new in-vehicle equipment also transmit real-time road traffic information to the traffic control center. With the accurate location provided by the GPS system, the center will accurately understand the latest traffic conditions in a particular area and manage the processes more efficiently.
In 2014, the project's technology partners (including Siemens, NXP Semiconductors, Cohda Wirless and Honda) worked closely with police and road management agencies in three countries to conduct “communication car†trials along the corridor. Demonstrations at the Munich, Vienna and Helmond test sites show that the new technology can alert the driver to warning signs such as slippery road surfaces, crosswalks, slow vehicles, and alerts to upcoming emergency vehicles, speed limits, In front of the vehicle brakes, etc.; in this way, the driver can take the necessary precautions to avoid unnecessary accidents.
In the Dutch part of the ITS corridor, the Dutch government has partnered with partners such as NXP Semiconductors to demonstrate the value of ITS technology in mitigating the core issues facing many busy roads: driver driving behavior and braking, not accidents. The "illusion" traffic jam. The Dutch problem called "Spookfiles" accounts for 20% of all traffic congestion in the Netherlands. Preventing or mitigating such congestion will help the Netherlands achieve its traffic management goals, increase the utilization of existing infrastructure, and avoid the investment in building new roads.
Helmond
In urban areas, optimizing the efficiency of the use of existing infrastructure is one of the main goals of adopting ITS. The city of Helmond participated in the Compass4D project, a three-year project that demonstrates the specific advantages that intelligent transportation systems can bring to citizens, urban management and businesses. More than 600 vehicles participated in the trial – including buses, taxis, emergency services vehicles and private cars – across the city of Hermons and six other European cities, with interoperability and connectivity The in-vehicle device in which the side device "communicates" in real time. Drivers of these vehicles receive reminders from these devices to improve energy efficiency and road safety. All services are divided into three categories:
Red light - A warning when other vehicles are blushing or about to emit a red light (including emergency services) or if the driver is exposed to a red light. The driver will also be reminded to pay attention to other vehicles in the vicinity of the same driving and other road users (pedestrians, bicycles) who are vulnerable to the situation when the green light passes.
Road hazard warnings - static hazards (such as road construction), or dynamic hazards (including sudden braking of vehicles in front)
Energy saving at intersections - provide information on traffic light sequences, such as "green light countdown" or "red light countdown"
With this information, the driver can get a clearer picture of the environment around him and have more time to react to potentially dangerous situations to prevent a collision. In addition, the reaction time at the traffic light can be increased, and it is known to turn off the engine when the waiting time is long, which can reduce congestion and pollution. The trial will end in December 2015, but the city of Helmond and other partner cities of the Compass4D project have decided to continue to provide these services after the end of the project phase.
The city of Helmond also participated in a European trial to improve fuel efficiency and reduce truck carbon emissions by 25%. Using V2X technology, Freilot enables 14 traffic lights on the main direct roads of Hermonweg (Europaweg Kasteel-Traverse and Deurneseweg) to communicate with onboard equipment on trucks and fire engines. These vehicles have priority access at traffic lights and can receive speed recommendations based on surrounding traffic conditions to ensure optimum efficiency. The system also allows truck drivers to reserve loading space in busy cities to save valuable time. The trial was launched in 2010 and the results were remarkable. The city decided to continue the implementation of this mechanism. Lyon, Bilbao and Krakow also participated in the project.
Burger
The V2X system is the core enabler of safe and efficient group car driving management. In this case, when the trucks are driving, the distance between them is very small, so that the airflow can be optimized to form a low-pressure air pocket that is convenient for the vehicle to go forward. Thereby saving energy and reducing fuel consumption. With this technology, the vehicles can communicate with each other; when the first car brakes, the other cars will automatically brake without driver intervention. In this way, the vehicle can travel at optimal distance (40 to 50 feet) to maintain optimum efficiency, even at high speeds on the highway, without compromising safety.
Of course, the vehicle needs to stay in shape throughout the journey, which is very difficult to achieve when passing traffic lights. In addition, when driving in a fleet, a car head is required. When driving in the form of a fleet, it is now possible to improve traffic flow in many ways. A trial at the Port of Hamburg demonstrated how to achieve this goal. Five cargo trucks form a fleet of vehicles equipped with NXP's in-vehicle V2X units that communicate with and communicate with traffic lights around the port. This means that the traffic lights "know" which cars belong to the team and can ensure that the entire team passes smoothly before the red light is on. The truck driver can keep abreast of other trucks around him through a small screen.
The trial also demonstrated how intelligent transportation systems protect vulnerable road users such as schoolchildren. By integrating the RFID tag in the school uniform, the roadside device can detect when the schoolchild crosses the road, adjust the traffic light accordingly, and send a reminder message to the vehicle equipped with the vehicle-mounted device.
Although the trial lasted only one day, the Port of Hamburg plans to deploy a permanent intelligent transportation system in the near future. Initially, roadside installations will be deployed at an intersection to install on-board equipment on 30 trucks; in 2016, it will be extended to 10 intersections and up to 200 trucks. In addition, NXP has begun negotiating with the school uniform manufacturer in Hamburg to integrate RFID tags into school uniforms. The project will be carried out throughout the city and will greatly enhance the safety of school children when they pass the road.
For the automotive industry and society as a whole, the convergence of the Internet and the birth of intelligent transportation systems are key. There is no doubt that smart mobility will reduce human error (which causes 90% of today's traffic accidents), improve road safety, reduce congestion, and increase energy efficiency (global spending in this area amounts to billions of dollars each year).
Of course, there are risks associated with integrating the car system with the Internet. If the system is hacked and fed into the wrong message, or used to perform certain tasks, it can have fatal consequences. Therefore, industry needs to work together to ensure the quality and integrity of the data. At the same time, privacy protection must be strengthened, and personal information other than driver's driving behavior cannot be tracked. These key issues will determine the trust of consumers and determine the widespread adoption of connected self-driving cars, which are essential for a safer, greener, and more efficient road network. With its leading security and identity technologies, NXP is a great choice for frustrating attacks, improving traffic safety and protecting users.
As the experiments that have been implemented prove that ITS has many advantages, we cannot turn a blind eye to it. The industry now needs to carry out standardization work, try to gain the trust of manufacturers and consumers, and fully realize various advantages. Groups such as the Car2Car Alliance, ETSI, and the European Commission's senior ITS advisory group will play a catalytic role in this process, as will the successful experience of ITS trials around the world.
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