The continued development of time-sensitive networks (TSNs) has led to major updates to the IEEE 802.1 and IEEE 802.3 standards. TSN is essentially a deterministic Ethernet extension set and a successor to Audio Video Bridging (AVB) - an IEEE project originally designed to support real-time media streaming in professional audio and video environments such as live DJ performances. .
However, AVB caught the attention of car manufacturers, which sown the seeds of the germinating TSN. The future of the car has been expected for a long time, envisioning it will have high-speed IP network connection, intelligent automatic driver assistance / braking system, infotainment portal, simplified internal wiring harness and lighter total weight. The process of driving these features is also bringing many additional benefits to the industrial automation industry.
Creating a converged IEEE 802 specification with Ethernet is the most obvious solution to eliminate various obstacles. More specifically, the automotive industry can use deterministic Ethernet to overcome limited in-vehicle bandwidth without the need for complex traditional network protocols such as FlexRay, LIN, and MOST to connect the various systems of the car.
By removing the on-board portion of the above sentence and its reference to the car-specific agreement, you can roughly feel the challenges facing the automotive industry as the Industrial Internet of Things (or Industry 4.0) receives increasing attention.
1. Support mixed traffic
Ethernet has been used as a GM network to simplify different domain architectures within the car. With TSN, Ethernet can play a similar role in industrial networks, handling mixed traffic in automation and control systems, power facilities, wind turbines, and printing machines.
TSN excels at transmitting time-sensitive delay-sensitive data, regardless of whether there is any "best effort" traffic on the same network. This is critical for Ethernet because Ethernet is much more noisy than previous automated networks that only carry real-time data without multiple protocols.
The TSN is designed to handle multiple traffic types.
2. Provide interoperability
It is important to use standard devices that are mass-produced, especially in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), because core issues such as scale and cost are hampering many current network approaches.
Relying on special ASIC-based industrial Ethernet implementations and/or traditional fieldbuses (including but not limited to fieldbuses used in automotive applications such as CAN) is inferior to scalability and cost-effective solutions that rely solely on commercial chips. It also supports regular HTTP interfaces, network services, and diagnostics2. TSN helps reduce costs and opens the door for future expansion.
3. Ensure strict synchronization
The AVB evolved into a TSN to handle particularly demanding applications such as the Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS)3. ADAS requires multiple systems to work together to solve braking distance and human reaction time issues.
TSN has multiple mechanisms to ensure certainty in similar environments (eg IIoT):
u Improvements to precision time protocols
u Any data stream has redundant paths available
u Convergence of service quality to TSN over Ethernet with lower bandwidth
(does not affect real-time guarantee)
u reserved bandwidth - this is a core feature inherited from AVB to ensure deterministic performance
4. Provide enough bandwidth
Compared to traditional serial fieldbus, from PROFIBUS® to Modbus®, Ethernet has a decisive advantage in that it provides more bandwidth for all types of applications. Especially in cars, CAN's limited data rate and capacity make it unsuitable for next-generation automotive applications, which opens the door to Ethernet (in the form of AVB).
“Applications such as machine vision and 3D scanning require a lot of bandwidth.â€
The same is true for many fieldbuses that are still in use in control systems. Applications such as machine vision and 3D scanning are becoming more and more important. These applications require a lot of bandwidth, and TSN on Ethernet can meet the demand.
5. Make the network infrastructure easier
TSN is designed to provide a unified and easy-to-use method of implementing deterministic Ethernet. It does not rely on multiple infrastructures to handle different types of traffic, everything can be transmitted over Ethernet.
David Greenfield of AutomaTIon World hosted a podcast show in 2015, which did not specifically mention TSN, but gave a good introduction to the general advantages of Ethernet over fieldbus4. Sari Germanos, a guest of the Ethernet POWERLINK® standardization organization, talked about how complex applications (those mentioned in the previous section) break through the limitations of traditional network architectures.
Ethernet in the form of TSN has already solved this problem in automobiles. A recent article by EE TImes discusses the possibility of rescheduling different domain architectures in vehicles without having to support traditional techniques. Ethernet will act as a "backbone bus connecting various application domains" to better utilize bandwidth. For the Industrial Internet of Things, it also applies 5.
Todd Walter, president of the AVnu Alliance industry division at NaTIonal Instruments, said in an article published in Design World: "With the spread of the (industrial) Internet of Things, the increase in the volume of data and the wide distribution of networks will require new standards to share and transmit key Information 2. Just as ambulances or fire trucks have traffic priority in an emergency, the TSN standard ensures that critical time-sensitive data is transmitted on a standard network infrastructure in a timely manner."
TSN latest developmentTSN is no longer just an idealized project, but has become a widely used standard certified by industry organizations. The points listed above indicate that it has a strong technical foundation. The next thing to look at is how to test and deploy it.
In late February 2016, Bosch Rexroth, Schneider Electric, NaTIonal Instruments and Kuka announced that they would jointly develop the world's first TSN test platform6. The test platform is designed to integrate different business traffic onto an Ethernet TSN network. It will test TSN's multi-vendor interoperability, as well as its security features, performance, latency, and integration with cloud-based control systems.
National Instruments hosts test platform development work. Eric Starkloff, one of its executives, commented that TSN is "a necessary condition for the future development of the industrial Internet of Things" and emphasizes its progress from professional audio-visual technology to the current converged deterministic Ethernet. The scope of the Industrial Internet of Things can be vast, but many companies still have a long way to go to understand and capitalize on their advantages. A mature and widely adopted TSN will help them achieve their goals.
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