Researchers at the Institute for Basic Science have made a breakthrough in stabilizing short-lived ions in rechargeable batteries by controlling free radicals. This development could significantly improve battery performance and longevity.
The core of the molecule, known as a nitrenoid, is stabilized by a ring structure called N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC). This unique arrangement allows the rest of the molecule to be easily extended, making it more versatile for various applications. The molecular structure was confirmed using single crystal X-ray diffraction, a technique that provides detailed insights into atomic arrangements.
In most molecules, electrons are paired, but free radicals contain unpaired electrons, which make them highly reactive. These unpaired electrons give free radicals unique properties, though they tend to disappear quickly when they interact with other molecules. Scientists at the Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity Research at IBS in South Korea have successfully synthesized four types of free radicals. However, creating stable free radicals remains a challenge, as they often react rapidly and transform into different structures.
Interestingly, some free radicals exhibit ferromagnetic properties due to their spin arrangements, meaning they can be influenced by magnetic fields. This makes them promising candidates for use in advanced technologies such as rechargeable batteries, molecular spintronics, and molecular magnetism.
To stabilize these fragile radicals, IBS researchers employed NHCs, which can donate electrons to help stabilize the unpaired electrons. This approach is particularly significant because organic free radicals are generally harder to synthesize than those containing metals. The team's work has opened new possibilities in the field of radical chemistry.
The stability and structure of the free radical were verified through single crystal X-ray diffraction at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, as well as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments. The results align with density functional theory calculations, confirming the accuracy of their findings. Recently, the same research group also stabilized triazalkenyl radicals and used them as cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries.
Looking ahead, scientists aim to develop even more complex radical compounds that have not yet been synthesized. This ongoing research could lead to revolutionary advances in energy storage and molecular electronics.
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