Researchers at the Institute of Basic Science have made a breakthrough in stabilizing short-lived ions within rechargeable batteries by effectively controlling free radicals. This development could significantly enhance battery performance and longevity.
[Note] The core (oxime) is stabilized through a ring structure (NHC), while the rest of the molecule can be easily extended. The molecular structure was confirmed using single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques.
In most molecules, electrons are paired, but in free radicals, some electrons remain unpaired. This unique configuration gives free radicals special properties, though they tend to react quickly with other molecules, leading to their rapid disappearance. Scientists at the Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity Research at IBS in Korea have successfully synthesized four types of free radicals. However, achieving stable free radicals is challenging due to their tendency to react and form new compounds almost instantly.
Unlike typical molecules, certain free radicals exhibit spin arrangements that make them ferromagnetic, allowing them to be attracted to magnetic fields. These distinctive characteristics open up potential applications in areas such as rechargeable batteries, molecular spintronics, and molecular magnetism.
To address the instability of free radicals, IBS researchers used N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) to develop strategies for stabilizing ruthenium-based free radicals. NHCs can share electrons, helping to stabilize the unpaired electrons in these radicals. This research is particularly significant because organic free radicals are generally harder to synthesize compared to those containing metals, as they are less stable.
The structure of the free radical was confirmed through single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis conducted at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. Its properties were further verified using electron paramagnetic resonance, and the results align well with density functional theory calculations. Recently, the same team also stabilized triazalkenyl radicals and utilized them as cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries. Looking ahead, researchers aim to develop new types of radicals that have not yet been synthesized, pushing the boundaries of molecular chemistry and energy storage technologies.
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