The IPTV receiving terminal, that is, the IPTV set-top box, is one of the key devices of the IPTV system. Its main functions include: supporting LAN or xDSL network transmission, receiving and processing IP data and video streams; supporting H.264, MPEG-2, MPEG-4 , WMV and Real video decoding; support the corresponding CA technology; support HTML web browsing and online games.
Due to the limited hardware resources of the set-top box, its operating system generally uses embedded operating systems such as WINCE, embedded Linux, and RTOS.
Since IPTV is based on network transmission, the set-top box as a network access device should be set with network parameters such as IP address and gateway before use. If the manual setting is used in the actual project, the labor cost of the operator will be greatly increased, and the maintenance cost in the future will increase accordingly. Therefore, the plug-and-play function should be considered in the design of the IPTV set-top box, that is, automatic configuration is realized.
Based on the above situation, this paper designs a network solution that can manage and configure set-top boxes networked. The scheme is implemented based on the BOOTP (BOTTP) protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite. The network server is used to implement the automatic configuration of the set-top box network parameters. The whole process does not require user intervention, and the plug-and-play function is realized. With the universal set-top box design, Automatic upgrade of programs such as set-top box video decoding can also be realized; monitoring and maintenance of the user's set-top box only needs to be performed on the remote server.
Overall design
Management mode selection and design
One of the advantages of the client-server model is that it has a lot of flexibility. The setting of the network node after adopting the client-server mode can be realized by setting the server side, so that it can adapt to the needs of nodes in different kinds and environments. In order to complete the networked automatic configuration of the set-top box, a startup configuration server is set on the IPTV underlying network. After the set-top box is powered on and self-tested, the configuration server is configured to complete the configuration of the parameters by curing the login program in the ROM, and after obtaining relevant settings from the server. start working.
Server type and protocol selection
This solution uses the BOOTP server and its protocol for management and configuration. BOOTP and RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) are two protocols in the TCP/IP protocol suite, which are implemented in the client-server mode, and can implement network management and configuration of field device IP addresses, but compared with RARP. BOOTP has the following main advantages: (1) It can get all the information needed for its startup for the node, and the function is much more powerful than RARP. (2) Based on the transmission protocol UDP, it does not deal directly with the hardware, is easy to implement and has good portability. (3) The BOOTP server exists as an application. This is different from the way the RARP server exists in the kernel. The advantage is that it is easy to modify and port, and the modification and porting of the RARP kernel server is very difficult. (4) The protocol has high transmission efficiency and large amount of information exchange, and can fully utilize hardware capabilities. (5) RARP exchanges only one IP address at a time, and in addition to the exchangeable IP address, the BOOTP message can also provide the gateway IP, the server host name, and the 128-byte boot file name.
Based on the above analysis, BOOTP is selected to implement networked configuration management of the set top box.
BOOTP packet format, transmission and configuration process
BOOTP message format
BOOTP first appeared on Unix systems and was responsible for remote booting of Unix terminals. Until now, it was still the most commonly used method in Unix and later Linux systems. The BOOTP protocol has two types of messages: a BOOTP request and a BOOTP response. To simplify the BOOTP implementation as much as possible, each field of the BOOTP message is a fixed-length field, and the two message formats are identical.
BOOTP configuration process
(1) The client is started by the BOOTP boot code in the ROM chip (when the client does not have an IP address at this time), it sends a query request to the network with the IP address 0.0.0.0 in broadcast form, and the request includes the MAC address of the client network card.
(2) The BOOTP server receives the request frame, and searches for the MAC record in BOOTPTAB according to the MAC address in the frame, and sends the information (client IP, server address, gateway IP, startup file name, etc.) to the client in the form of FOUND. machine.
(3) The client reads the information in the FOUND, and then downloads the required startup configuration file through the TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server, and simulates the file into a disk in the workstation memory, and starts from the analog disk.
Implementation of management scheme based on BOOTP set-top box
Server configuration
(1) A BOOTP server is set up in the IPTV underlying network (cell network). BOOTP supports multiple servers working at the same time, and can be designated by the client as the server they serve (by filling in the server IP address in the BOOTP request). If there are many set-top boxes in a cell network, multiple servers can be set to increase the reliability of the network.
(2) Configuration of the BOOTPTAB table. Establish a terminal device MAC address, an IP address, and a corresponding startup configuration file table in the BOOTPTAB table. Future maintenance of the IP address of the set-top box can be performed in the BOOTP table.
(3) The startup configuration file is downloaded by TFTP. TFTP is a simplified file transfer protocol with short and practical features. It can be stored in ROM, which is not high-demand and easy to implement. Although FTP is powerful, the protocol is complex, the hardware requirements are high, and the set-top box is difficult to meet, so it is not practical for the set-top box.
Set-top box automatic login implementation
Simply add the BOOTP boot code to the set-top box ROM to enable automatic login from the set-top box to the server.
After the solution is introduced into the networked management configuration of the set-top box, the cost of the server in the initial construction of the IPTV network is increased. However, since the set-top box adopts the networked diskless startup, the startup configuration file is not installed, thereby saving the set-top box hardware resources. Reduce the cost of set-top boxes. Considering comprehensively, the initial construction cost has not increased much.
references:
[1]. ROM datasheet http://
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